Footnotes to Chapter 5:

40 Allen, J. L. 1900. The Reign of Law: A tale of the Kentucky Hemp fields. The MacMillan Co. Norwood, MA. p.52.
41 Dodge, C. A. 1890. The Hemp Industry. USDA Division of Statistics 1: 64-74.
42 Dodge, C. A. 1895, p. 216.
43 Dewey, L. H. 1901. The Hemp Industry in the United States. USDA Yearbk of Agric., p. 541-555.
44 Dodge, C. A. 1896. USDA Yearbk of Agric., p. 235.
45 USDA. 1899. Hemp. USDA. Yearbk of Agric. p. 64.
46 USDA. 1902. USDA. Yearbk of Agric. p. 23.
47 Wright, Andrew. 1918. Wisconsin's Hemp Industry. Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin # 293. p.5.
48 Wright, p. 8.
49 USDA. 1921. Annual Report of the Department of Agriculture: Hemp. p. 46.
50 Dewey, L. H. 1901. The Hemp Industry in the United States. USDA Yearbk of Agric. p. 541-555.
51 Dewey, L. H. 1943 Fiber Production in the Western Hemisphere. USDA Misc. Publ. no. 518.
52 USDA. Bureau of Plant Industry. Inventory of Seeds and Plants Imported. For example, nos. 35251, 37721, 38466, 62165. No. 38466: "From Sianfu, Shensi, China. Collected January 24, 1914. A variety of hemp, said to produce very strong fiber." No. 37721: "Kashgar hempseed. The hempseed was requested as the variety from which hashish or bhang is made." This type was probably sought for its widespread use in veterinary medicine. There is a clear indication from these notes as to the type and use of the cannabis being acquired that varietal difference was recognized.
53 Dodge, 1896, Report No. 8. p. 7
54 USDA. Bureau of Plant Industry. 1917. Report of the Chief. p. 12.
55 USDA. Bureau of Plant Industry. 1918. Report of the Chief. p. 28. Water-retted hemp from Italy was the standard for quality fiber.
56 USDA. Bureau of Plant Industry. 1919. Report of the Chief. p. 21.
57 USDA. Bureau of Plant Industry. 1920. Report of the Chief. p. 26.A detailed description of four varieties developed by Lyster Dewey's federal hemp breeding program is included in the 1927 Yearbook of Agriculture.
58 Small. E. 1979. The Species Problem in Cannabis. Corpus, Canada.
59 USDA. 1929. Annual Reports of the Department of Agriculture: Hempseed. p. 26.
60 Dewey, L. H. 1927. Hemp varieties of improved type are result of selection. USDA Yearbk of Agric. p. 358-361.
61 Dillman, A. C. 1936. Improvement in Flax. USDA Yearbk of Agric. p. 749.
62 Dillman, 1936, p. 748.
63 Today, Canada is the largest producer of linseed oil, exporting nearly half a million tons in 1993. Markets for the industrial oil continue to decline and acreage is shifting to canola. Interest in "flax oil" as a nutritional amendment is growing.
64 USDA. 1909. Utilizing wood waste. Annual Report of Forest Service. p. 406.
65 Dewey, L. H. and J. L. Merrill. 1916. Hemp hurds as papermaking material. USDA Bulletin No. 404.
66 USDA. 1917. Bureau of Plant Industry, Annual Report: Hemp hurds. p.25.
67 Wirtshafter, D. 1994. Vanishing Act: The Story of George Schlichten. High Times 223:36 (March). Wirtshafter, D. 1994. The Schlicten Papers. This book is the first printed in the US on hemp paper in this century. Obtainable from The Ohio Hempery, Inc., 7002 State Route 329, Guysville, OH 45735. 1-800-BUY HEMP
68 One conspiracy theory holds that newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst was heavily invested in pulpable woodlands and connects this to the yellow-journalistic campaign of his newspapers against marijuana. Schlicten's machine may have gone to Minnesota.
69 Today, Wisconsin's paper industry, the largest in the country, imports into the state 30% of the pulp it uses. The rest comes from its own forests. The prospect of annual plants producing on-farm raw material for the paper industry continues to attract attention. For the North, hemp is the premier annual plant for this purpose. Moreover, since it fits well into rotations with corn, small grains and alfalfa while reducing the need for herbicides, hemp can be used as an alternative to crops with surpluses in a sustainable system of agriculture. But prohibition precludes such developments.
70 He lists the locations as Waupon, Alto, Brandon, Fairwater (2 mills), Markesan (2 mills), Union Grove, and Iron Ridge, with plans for additional mills in Milton and Picketts. From 1921 until at least 1926, a mill owned by the Hemp Company of America, a Chicago-based corporation, was operating just outside Roberts, WI, on the western side of the state. (G. Gardiner, Roberts, WI, pers. comm.)
71 Wright, p. 37.
72 Wright, p. 14.
73 Dewey, L. H. 1931. Hemp fiber losing ground, despite its valuable qualities. USDA Yearbk of Agric. p. 284. The uses for hemp Dewey lists as: "Wrapping twines for heavy packages; mattress twine for sewing mattresses; spring twines for tying springs in overstuffed furniture and in box springs; sacking twine for sewing sacks containing sugar, wool peanuts, stock fed, or fertilizer; baling twine, similar to sacking twine, for sewing burlap covering on bales and packages; broom twine for sewing brooms; sewing twine for sewing cheesecloth for shade grown tobacco; hop twine for holding up hop vines in hop yards; ham strings for hanging up hams; tag twines for shipping twines; meter cord for tying diapharams in gas meters; blocking cord used in blocking men's hats; webbing yarns which are woven into strong webbing; belting yarns to be woven into belts; marlines for binding the ends of ropes, cables and hawsers to keep them from fraying; hemp packing or coarse yarn used in packing valve pumps; plumber's oakum, usually tarred, for packing the joints of pipes; marine oakum, also tarred for calking the seams of ships and other water craft." p.285.